Knock Knees: Types, Causes & Treatments

Knock knees (genu valgum) is a condition where the knees angle inward and touch each other while the ankles remain apart. It is common in young children and usually corrects itself with age. However, in some cases, it persists into adulthood or develops due to underlying conditions. This condition can be caused by genetics, nutritional deficiencies, or medical conditions affecting bone growth. Knock knees treatment includes physiotherapy, bracing, lifestyle modifications, and, in severe cases, knock knee surgery. If left untreated, it may lead to joint pain, difficulty walking, and other complications.

Understanding Knock Knees

Knock knees is a misalignment of the legs where the knees touch while the feet remain apart. It is normal in toddlers and usually self-corrects by the age of 7. However, if it persists beyond this age or develops later in life, it may require medical attention.

Types of Knock Knees

• Physiological Knock Knees – A common part of growth in young children, where the knees appear slightly inward but usually straighten out naturally as they grow.
• Pathological Knock Knees – This occurs due to underlying conditions like rickets, bone deformities, or arthritis. Unlike physiological cases, it may require medical intervention.
• Unilateral Knock Knee – When only one leg is affected, often due to past injuries, infections, or conditions affecting bone development.
• Bilateral Knock Knees – Both legs curve inward symmetrically, usually linked to genetic factors or metabolic disorders that impact bone growth.

Symptoms of Knock Knees

Common Signs to Look Out For

• Knees touching while standing with feet apart.
• Difficulty walking or running due to misalignment.
• Pain in the knees, ankles, or hips.
• Outward turning of the feet to compensate for poor balance.
• Increased wear and tear on the inner knee joints.

Associated Complications

• Development of osteoarthritis due to uneven weight distribution.
• Reduced mobility, leading to difficulty in performing daily activities.
• Strain on the lower limbs and back, causing discomfort over time.

Knock Knees Causes

• Genetic Factors – Family history plays a role in the development of knock- knee syndrome.
• Nutritional Deficiencies – Lack of vitamin D and calcium can weaken bones, leading to knock- knee problem.
• Injury or Trauma – Fractures or infections affecting bone growth can cause misalignment.
• Obesity – Excess weight puts pressure on the knees, worsening the condition.
• Arthritis – Conditions like rheumatoid arthritis can lead to knock knees in adults.
• Bone Growth Disorders – Conditions like rickets and metabolic disorders interfere with proper bone formation.

Knock Knee Test

Doctors use various methods to diagnose knock-knee syndrome, including:

• Physical Examination – The doctor will observe your leg alignment while you’re standing and walking. This helps them assess how your knees are positioned and if there’s any noticeable misalignment between your legs.
• X-rays and Imaging Tests – These tests allow doctors to look at the bone structure in detail. By doing so, they can identify any abnormalities or underlying issues in the bones that might be contributing to the knock-knee condition.
• Gait Analysis – This method evaluates how you walk, paying close attention to your movement and weight distribution. By examining your gait, doctors can determine if your knee alignment is affecting your walking pattern and whether any changes need to be made to improve it.

Knock Knees Treatment

Treatment depends on the severity and underlying cause of the condition.

Non-Surgical Treatment Options

• Bracing – Used in growing children to gradually correct the leg alignment.
• Exercise and Physiotherapy – Strengthening exercises improve posture and knee stability.
• Weight Management – Reducing excess weight can relieve pressure on the knees.
• Corrective Footwear – Special insoles help improve walking posture and alignment.
• Medications and Supplements – Vitamin D and calcium supplements help improve bone strength.

Knock Knee Surgery

Surgery is considered when knock knees cause significant pain or mobility issues. Options include:

• Guided Growth Surgery – A minimally invasive procedure for children to direct bone growth.
• Osteotomy – A realignment procedure where a small part of the bone is cut to straighten the leg.
• Total Knee Replacement – For severe cases in adults where arthritis has damaged the knee joint.

When to See a Doctor?

If knock knees persist beyond childhood, cause pain, or interfere with daily activities, consulting an orthopaedic doctor is recommended. Early diagnosis helps in preventing complications and choosing the best treatment plan.

Conclusion

While knock knees is a common condition in young children, persistent cases require medical evaluation. Whether managed through physiotherapy, lifestyle changes, or surgery, early intervention can prevent long-term complications.

Seek expert care at SPARSH, an orthopaedic hospital in Bangalore. We have some of the best orthopaedic doctors in Bangalore who will provide you with proper diagnosis and treatment for improved mobility and quality of life.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the main cause of knock knees?

Knock knees can be caused by genetics, improper bone development, or deficiencies in essential nutrients like vitamin D and calcium. In some cases, it may also result from underlying conditions like rickets or osteoarthritis.

Which vitamin deficiency causes knock knees?

A deficiency in vitamin D is a common cause, as it affects bone strength and development. When the body lacks vitamin D, it can lead to rickets in children, which often results in knock knees.

How Do You Fix Knock Knees?

Treatment depends on the severity of the condition. Mild cases may improve with physiotherapy and targeted exercises, while moderate cases might require braces. In severe cases where mobility is affected, knock knee surgery may be recommended.

Is knock knees a serious problem?

Mild knock knees don’t usually cause issues, but if the condition worsens, it can lead to joint pain, difficulty walking, and an increased risk of arthritis over time. Seeking early medical advice can help prevent complications.