Published in : ENT | January 16, 2025 |
Medically Reviewed
Laryngitis is the inflammation of the larynx (voice box), commonly resulting in a hoarse voice, throat discomfort, and difficulty speaking. It can be caused by infections, overuse of the voice, or irritants. Treatments include rest, hydration, and in some cases, laryngitis medication prescribed by a healthcare professional. Early intervention is crucial to prevent complications.
Laryngitis occurs when the larynx, containing the vocal cords, becomes inflamed. This inflammation can affect the vibration of the vocal cords, leading to changes in voice quality, including hoarseness or even temporary loss of voice.
Laryngitis is typically short-term (acute) but can become chronic if symptoms persist for more than three weeks. While often caused by viral infections, chronic cases may stem from prolonged exposure to irritants or underlying health conditions.
The symptoms of laryngitis vary depending on the severity and underlying cause. Common signs include:
If you experience any of these symptoms for more than a few days, it’s important to seek medical advice.
The causes of laryngitis include a range of factors:
Viral infections are the leading cause of laryngitis. These infections are commonly associated with illnesses like the common cold, flu, or bronchitis. The viruses that infect the respiratory tract can inflame the vocal cords, leading to hoarseness or loss of voice. Unlike bacterial infections, viral laryngitis doesn’t typically require antibiotics and often resolves with rest and supportive care.
Prolonged speaking, yelling, or singing can strain the vocal cords, causing inflammation and irritation. This is common among individuals like singers, teachers, or public speakers who rely heavily on their voice for professional purposes. The vocal cords need time to heal from this strain, and continuous overuse can lead to chronic laryngitis.
Exposure to environmental irritants such as cigarette smoke, industrial chemicals, or air pollution can inflame the larynx. These irritants not only damage the sensitive lining of the vocal cords but also exacerbate existing conditions like allergies or respiratory infections. Avoiding exposure and improving air quality can help reduce the risk.
Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR), a type of acid reflux, occurs when stomach acid travels up into the throat, irritating the vocal cords and larynx. This can lead to symptoms like persistent throat clearing, a burning sensation, and hoarseness. Chronic acid reflux may require lifestyle adjustments and medications to manage.
Although less common than viral infections, bacterial infections can cause laryngitis. These infections often lead to more severe symptoms, including significant pain, swelling, and sometimes fever. In such cases, antibiotics may be prescribed to combat the infection and alleviate symptoms.
Allergic reactions to dust, pollen, pet dander, or other allergens can irritate the throat and vocal cords. This irritation may lead to hoarseness or a scratchy voice, particularly during allergy seasons. Identifying and managing allergens through antihistamines or avoiding exposure can help mitigate these effects.
Long-term health issues such as chronic sinusitis, autoimmune disorders (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis), or even gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) can contribute to persistent laryngitis. These conditions often cause recurring inflammation or irritation of the larynx, requiring targeted treatments to address the underlying cause.
The treatment for laryngitis depends on its underlying cause:
Rest your voice as much as possible to allow the vocal cords to heal. Drinking plenty of warm fluids helps soothe the throat and keeps the vocal cords hydrated, reducing irritation.
Minimise exposure to smoke, chemicals, and allergens that can aggravate the condition. This includes staying away from polluted areas and avoiding second-hand smoke.
Breathing in steam from a bowl of hot water or using a humidifier can ease throat irritation, reduce inflammation, and keep the vocal cords moist.
In chronic or recurrent cases, consulting a speech therapist can help prevent further strain and teach techniques for healthier voice use.
If symptoms persist for more than three weeks, or if you experience any of the following, consult a healthcare professional:
If you need an ENT specialist in Bangalore, you can visit your nearest SPARSH Hospital. Our ENT Hospitals in Bangalore are renowned and offer comprehensive care for voice and throat-related issues.
Laryngitis, while often a minor condition, can significantly impact your daily life if left untreated. Recognising the symptoms, understanding the causes, and seeking appropriate treatment can help manage the condition effectively. Resting your voice, staying hydrated, and addressing the underlying cause are key to recovery.
Acute laryngitis usually resolves within one to two weeks. Chronic laryngitis may last longer and require medical intervention.
Rest your voice, drink plenty of fluids, avoid irritants, and consider steam inhalation to speed up recovery.
Pharyngitis refers to inflammation of the throat, while laryngitis specifically involves the larynx and affects the voice.
The primary cause is viral infections, often linked to colds or flu, though overuse of the voice and irritants can also contribute.
Categories: ENT
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