Published in : Haematology | January 16, 2025 |
Medically Reviewed
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) is a cancer of the lymphatic system. It occurs when lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell, grow abnormally and form tumours in the lymph nodes or other parts of the body. Early detection and treatment significantly improve outcomes.
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma is a broad term for a group of blood cancers that develop in the lymphatic system, a key part of the immune system. Unlike Hodgkin lymphoma, NHL lacks Reed-Sternberg cells, a distinctive feature used for diagnosis. NHL can occur at any age and has various subtypes, which differ in behaviour and response to treatment.
The stages of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma indicate how far the cancer has spread:
Each stage influences treatment options and prognosis.
Symptoms of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma can vary but commonly include:
Often painless and found in the neck, armpits, or groin, swollen lymph nodes are one of the earliest signs of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
Recurrent and unexplained episodes of fever and chills may signal the body’s immune response to the condition.
Excessive sweating at night, often soaking clothes or bed sheets, is a frequent symptom of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. This can disrupt sleep and may occur without any obvious cause, such as a fever or warm room temperature.
Persistent tiredness that does not improve with rest is frequently experienced by individuals with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
An unexpected drop in weight, especially over a short period, is a significant symptom of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. This weight loss occurs without any changes in diet, exercise, or lifestyle and is often due to the body’s increased energy expenditure as it fights the disease.
Enlarged lymph nodes in the chest can lead to discomfort, breathing difficulties, or a nagging cough that doesn’t go away.
Pain or bloating in the abdomen is often caused by enlarged lymph nodes or an affected organ, such as the spleen or liver.
The exact causes of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma are not always clear, but several factors may increase the risk:
Changes in the DNA of lymphocytes disrupt their normal functioning, causing uncontrolled growth that leads to the formation of abnormal cells characteristic of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
Conditions like HIV or prolonged use of immunosuppressive medications lower the body’s defences, increasing the risk of developing NHL.
Viruses such as Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) and bacteria like Helicobacter pylori are linked to certain subtypes of NHL due to their impact on immune function.
The likelihood of developing NHL rises with age, with individuals over 60 being at a higher risk due to age-related immune system changes.
Prolonged exposure to harmful substances like pesticides or radiation is thought to increase the risk, though the exact mechanisms are not fully understood.
Treatment for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma depends on the subtype, stage, and overall health. Common approaches include:
Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells and shrink tumours. It is often the first line of treatment for aggressive NHL.
Radiation therapy targets specific areas where cancer is present. It is often used for early-stage NHL or as a complementary treatment.
Drugs like monoclonal antibodies help the immune system recognise and destroy cancer cells.
These treatments focus on specific genetic markers or proteins in cancer cells, minimising damage to healthy cells.
For aggressive or recurrent cases, a stem cell transplant can replace damaged bone marrow with healthy cells.
Although rare, surgery may be performed to remove localised tumours.
Eating a balanced diet, staying active, and avoiding infections are essential during and after treatment.
If you experience symptoms such as persistent swollen lymph nodes, unexplained fever, or night sweats, it’s essential to consult a healthcare provider.
For residents of Bangalore, SPARSH Hospitals, recognised as one of the best haematology hospitals in Bangalore, offers exceptional care and advanced treatment options. Here, you can consult with the best haematologists in Bangalore, who provide personalised solutions tailored to your specific needs.
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma is a serious but treatable cancer. Early diagnosis and advancements in treatment have significantly improved survival rates. If you or someone you know shows signs of NHL, timely medical intervention is crucial.
While not always curable, many cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma can be managed effectively, with some patients achieving remission.
Life expectancy varies based on the type and stage of lymphoma, but with modern treatments, many patients live for years or decades.
Stage 4 lymphoma is challenging to treat but can be managed with aggressive treatment, potentially leading to remission in some cases.
The first signs of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma often include painless swelling of lymph nodes in the neck, armpits, or groin, persistent fatigue, and episodes of night sweats that can drench clothing. These symptoms might appear gradually and can sometimes be mistaken for less serious conditions.
Categories: Haematology
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: Types, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment is available for appointments. Please fill the below form to book an appointment.
Unlock the door to exceptional healthcare, book an appointment with SPARSH Hospital and let your journey to wellness begin.
Copyright © 2025 SPARSH Hospital, A Unit of Shiva & Shiva Orthopaedic Hospital Pvt Ltd.
