Sprained Ankle: Symptoms, Types, Treatment & Recovery

A sprained ankle occurs when ligaments supporting the ankle are stretched or torn, often due to an awkward twist or turn. Common sprained ankle symptoms include swelling, pain, and difficulty bearing weight. There are different grades of ankle sprains, ranging from mild to severe. Recovery involves rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE), alongside other medical interventions if necessary. Consult an orthopedic doctor for expert guidance, especially in severe cases.

Understanding a Sprained Ankle

A sprained ankle occurs when the ligaments that stabilise the joint are overstretched or torn. Ligaments are bands of tissue that connect bones and provide stability. This condition is common during sports, exercise, or even everyday activities such as walking on uneven surfaces.

Types of Ankle Sprains

Sprains are classified based on their severity and the affected ligament:

Grade 1 (Mild)

A Grade 1 sprain involves minor stretching and microscopic tears in the ligament. Pain is usually mild, with minimal swelling or bruising around the affected area. While the ankle might feel slightly tender, it typically retains its stability. Individuals can often walk with little to no discomfort but may notice some stiffness or slight difficulty in movement.

Grade 2 (Moderate)

In a Grade 2 sprain, the ligament suffers a partial tear, resulting in moderate swelling and noticeable bruising. This type of sprain often causes more significant pain and limits the range of motion in the ankle. Walking or bearing weight can be uncomfortable, and the ankle may feel unstable during movement. Recovery usually requires more time and a structured rehabilitation plan.

Grade 3 (Severe)

A Grade 3 sprain is the most serious, involving a complete ligament tear. The affected ankle exhibits severe swelling, extensive bruising, and pronounced instability. Walking becomes extremely painful or impossible due to the lack of ligament support. In some cases, the ankle may appear deformed. Recovery often requires medical intervention, such as bracing, physical therapy, or even surgery, followed by a prolonged rehabilitation period.

Symptoms of a Sprained Ankle

Recognising the signs of a sprained ankle is essential for timely treatment:

• Pain: Often severe and worsens with movement or weight-bearing.
• Swelling: Localised around the ankle joint.
• Bruising: Discolouration may appear shortly after the injury.
• Limited Motion: Difficulty moving the ankle or walking.
• Instability: A feeling of the ankle giving way.
• Tenderness: Pain upon touching the affected area.

What Causes a Sprained Ankle?

The most common ankle sprain causes include:

• Twisting or Rolling: Stepping on uneven ground or landing awkwardly during physical activities.
• Sports Injuries: High-impact or pivoting sports like basketball or football.
• Wearing Improper Footwear: Shoes that do not provide adequate support.
• Previous Ankle Injuries: Recurrent sprains increase susceptibility.
• Weak Muscles or Poor Balance: These can lead to instability, increasing the risk of twisting.

Treatment for a Sprained Ankle

Effective sprained ankle treatment involves immediate care and longer-term strategies:

Immediate Care: The RICE Method

For a sprained ankle, the RICE method is crucial during the initial 48 hours to manage swelling and pain effectively:

• Rest: Avoid any activities that put weight on the injured ankle to prevent further damage and promote healing.
• Ice: Apply an ice pack wrapped in a cloth to the affected area for 15–20 minutes every 1–2 hours to reduce swelling and numb pain. Avoid direct contact with the skin to prevent frostbite.
• Compression: Use an elastic bandage to wrap the ankle snugly, ensuring it’s not too tight to avoid cutting off circulation. Compression helps control swelling and supports the joint.
• Elevation: Raise the ankle above heart level by propping it on pillows to reduce swelling through improved blood flow.

Medications

Over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen or paracetamol help manage pain and reduce inflammation effectively. Always follow the dosage instructions and consult a doctor if symptoms persist.

Physical Therapy

Once the swelling subsides, physical therapy becomes vital for recovery. Gentle exercises improve range of motion, restore flexibility, and strengthen muscles around the ankle to prevent future injuries. A therapist may also recommend balance training to improve stability.

Supportive Devices

• Braces or Splints: These provide support and stability, reducing the risk of re-injury during recovery.
• Crutches: Useful for severe sprains, they prevent weight-bearing on the injured ankle.

Severe Cases

In cases of Grade 3 sprains or associated fractures, surgical intervention may be required to repair torn ligaments or stabilise the joint. Post-surgery, physical therapy is essential for regaining strength and mobility.

When to See a Doctor?

Persistent pain, severe swelling, or difficulty bearing weight on the injured ankle might indicate a more serious injury, such as a ligament tear or fracture. These may require advanced diagnostic tests like X-rays or MRIs.

For residents of Bangalore, SPARSH Hospitals offers comprehensive orthopaedic care. A team of skilled orthopedic doctors in Bangalore will provide tailored treatment plans for both minor and severe ankle injuries, ensuring a smoother recovery journey.

Conclusion

A sprained ankle can range from mild discomfort to a severe injury that disrupts daily activities. Timely treatment and proper care are vital for full recovery. Whether it’s a minor twisted ankle or a more severe condition, prioritise rest and seek professional guidance for the best outcomes.

For residents of Bangalore, SPARSH Hospitals offers advanced care for orthopedic conditions. Our team of experts ensures personalised treatment to support a full recovery.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the best treatment for a sprained ankle?

For most sprained ankles, the RICE method—Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation—works wonders in reducing pain and swelling. For more serious sprains, treatment may include physical therapy to restore mobility and strength. Surgery is usually reserved for severe ligament tears or recurring instability.

How long is the recovery for a sprained ankle?

Recovery times vary depending on the severity of the sprain. Mild sprains may heal within 2–4 weeks, while moderate ones could take 6–8 weeks. Severe sprains, especially those needing surgery, might require several months of recovery and rehabilitation.

What are the different types of ankle sprains?

Ankle sprains are classified into three grades:

• Grade 1 (Mild): Slight stretching or microscopic tears of the ligaments.
• Grade 2 (Moderate): Partial ligament tear causing instability.
• Grade 3 (Severe): Complete ligament tear, often leading to significant swelling and instability.

What are the signs and symptoms of a sprained ankle?

Typical symptoms include pain, swelling, and bruising around the ankle. Limited range of motion and difficulty bearing weight are also common. Severe sprains may involve noticeable deformity and extreme instability.